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Methodology: the data we use and how to read it

This site does not produce data: it structures it. Everything published comes from an official registry and can be traced back to it. Here is where every figure comes from, what it really measures and the rules we have set ourselves.

Sources

RUCT — the census of universities

The Registro de Universidades, Centros y Títulos is the administrative census of the Spanish university system. It provides the list of universities, their official code, their legal status, their autonomous community and their mode of study. Retrieved 3 August 2026: 99 universities, 50 public and 49 private.

View the registry

SIIU — academic outcomes

The Sistema Integrado de Información Universitaria publishes the academic performance statistics for undergraduate degrees, broken down by university, field of study and sex. Retrieved 3 August 2026; 89 of the 99 universities have data.

View the statistics

QEDU — degrees and cut-off marks

«Qué Estudiar y Dónde en la Universidad» is the official search tool for the university catalogue. It provides each university’s undergraduate degrees, their mode, their places and their cut-off marks. Retrieved 3 August 2026, 2025-2026 academic year. Cut-off marks only exist for public universities: private ones do not use the shared merit-based admission system.

SIIU — labour-market outcomes

Social Security affiliation of graduates, one and four years after finishing, with contract type and average contribution base. Retrieved 3 August 2026. Much of the fine-grained breakdown is protected by statistical secrecy, so there are gaps.

Leiden Ranking Open Edition — research

Bibliometrics (publications, citations, normalised impact and each profile's position) come from the CWTS Leiden Ranking Open Edition: indicators by Leiden University's Centre for Science and Technology Studies, computed on open OpenAlex data and published with a DOI in the public domain (CC0). We compute the position ourselves by ordering the Spanish universities in the file — those above its output threshold — by normalised citation impact, and it is recomputed on every verification. It measures research, not teaching. Retrieved 10 August 2026.

OpenAlex — research outside the Leiden Ranking

Universities below the Leiden Ranking's output threshold show their research output directly from OpenAlex, the open (CC0) database on which CWTS computes its indicators: articles affiliated to the university in the same year window as Leiden, citations received per publication up to the retrieval date, and the share in open access. These are direct counts, not field-normalised, which is why those universities have no position in the bibliometric rank. Retrieved 22 August 2026.

SIIU — official public fees

Price per credit for first enrolment in an undergraduate degree, 2026-2027 academic year: the one each region sets by decree according to the degree’s lab-cost band, compiled in the EPPU yearbook, and each individual degree’s price in QEDU. We do not publish a per-university average: it is not the price of any degree. It covers public universities only. Retrieved 3 August 2026.

How the price ranking is ordered

The price ranking orders by the cost of the first year: what it costs to enrol in 60 credits. For private universities it orders the median of their fees —what a typical degree costs there— because the cheapest and most expensive degrees in a catalogue are set by a single programme and say little about what studying there costs; both figures appear alongside anyway. For public ones, the price per credit times 60.

Public and private universities sit in separate tables because no university falls between the most expensive public one and the cheapest private one: a single list would order «public or private» and nothing else.

Public universities are compared within each field of study and never by their average. Each region sets the price per credit, so its universities charge almost the same and what would move the average is which degrees each one offers: we would be ordering the catalogue, not the price.

It orders tuition, not the cost of living. City rent appears alongside because it matters for the decision, but it is not something the university decides, so it does not place anyone in a rank.

SERPAVI and EPF — housing and food

Living costs are estimated from two sources: the rent declared to the tax agency for the typical flat in each campus municipality (SERPAVI, 2024), split between three people to estimate a room, and the average food spending per person in each region (INE Household Budget Survey, 2023). The academic year counts ten months. Today’s rental listings usually ask for more than contracts already declared.

Grants are the general undergraduate grants of the 2023-2024 academic year (SIIU). The average grant divides the total amount awarded among recipients: it includes the tuition amount and mixes those receiving the residence allowance with those living at home, so the net cost with a grant we publish errs on the low side.

The private universities themselves — self-declared price, no official source

This is the only source on this site that is not official, and it is labelled as such everywhere. There is no ministerial statistic on private university fees, so we take them from each university’s own fees page: 37 of the 49 private universities publish one, 12 do not.

What we publish is the exact wording the university itself writes, copied from its website and checked against the capture we keep: if that sentence does not appear letter for letter in the evidence, the figure never reaches the page. We derive nothing from it —not the cost of the full degree, not a per-credit price out of an annual fee, not averages across universities— because each university publishes in a different unit and unifying them would require assumptions of ours. The wording is quoted in its original Spanish.

Every price carries its source link and its own warning: the published fee is not the final bill. The date of each capture lives in the source inventory on this page, not on the profile. When a university publishes no price, its profile says so.

Since August 2026, when a university publishes no fee but a reference publication reports its per-credit price, we publish that range labelled “estimated price”, with the tuition for a 60-credit year derived from it and a link to the source; that tuition goes into the annual cost and onto every degree page of the university like any other fee. This applies to 1 university (source: Forbes España).

The universities themselves — language of instruction, no official source

No official register says which language each degree is taught in, so we take it from the degree’s page on its university’s website, under the same contract as prices: the page’s exact wording, checked against the capture we keep — if it does not appear letter for letter, it is not published. When the website does not declare it, the page shows no language: Spanish is never assumed by default. It currently covers 1654 degree offerings from 63 universities.

Every source, with its date

The full inventory of what feeds the site. Data pages do not repeat it: it lives here and in each profile’s structured data.

SourcePublisherRetrieved
RUCT — Registro de Universidades, Centros y TítulosMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades3 August 2026
SIIU — Estadística de rendimiento académicoMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades3 August 2026
SIIU — Estadística de inserción laboral de egresados universitariosMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades3 August 2026
SIIU — Estadística de precios públicos universitariosMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades3 August 2026
QEDU — Qué Estudiar y Dónde en la UniversidadMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades3 August 2026
CWTS Leiden Ranking Open Edition 2025CWTS (Universidad de Leiden), sobre datos de OpenAlex10 August 2026
OpenAlex — producción científica por instituciónOurResearch22 August 2026
SIIU — Estadística de estudiantes universitariosMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades11 August 2026
SIIU — Estadística de becas y ayudas al estudioMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades9 August 2026
SERPAVI — Sistema Estatal de Referencia del Precio del Alquiler de ViviendaMinisterio de Vivienda y Agenda Urbana9 August 2026
INE — Encuesta de Presupuestos FamiliaresInstituto Nacional de Estadística9 August 2026
Application calendars from 17 regional admission districtsEach autonomous community10 August 2026
Fee pages of 37 private universitiesThe universities themselves3 August 2026 – 30 August 2026

Licence and attribution

The Ministry’s statistics are re-usable public-sector information, including for commercial purposes, under Spanish Law 37/2007 and Royal Decree 1495/2011. The conditions are to cite the source, mention the update date, not distort the meaning of the information, and not suggest that the Ministry sponsors or endorses this website — it does not. The attribution the Ministry requires, shown in the footer of every page and in the table above, is: «Elaboración propia con datos extraídos del catálogo de datos del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (ciencia.gob.es)».

What each indicator measures

The rates have similar names and measure different things. Each one carries its own reference year or cohort, because SIIU does not publish them all at once.

Pass rate (credits passed over enrolled)academic year 2023-24
Of every 100 credits students enrol in, how many they pass (credits passed over credits enrolled). It combines how much students sit exams for and how much of that they pass.
Success rate (credits passed over sat)academic year 2023-24
Of the credits students actually sit exams for, what percentage they pass.
Assessment rate (credits sat over enrolled)academic year 2023-24
Of the credits enrolled, what percentage students actually sit exams for.
First-year dropout ratecohort 2021-22
Of every 100 people who start the degree, how many are no longer enrolled in that same degree the following year. Includes those who switch studies without leaving university.
Overall dropout ratecohort 2019-20
Percentage of the cohort that ends up leaving the degree they enrolled in.
Overall change-of-studies ratecohort 2019-20
The part of dropout that stays at university: those who leave the degree but keep studying something else in the university system.
Graduation rate in 4-year degreescohort 2019-20
Of every 100 people who started a four-year degree, how many finished it in four or five years.
On-time completion rate in 4-year degreescohort 2020-21
Those who finish the degree exactly in the intended time, without repeating a year.

The rules we have set ourselves

  • Fair rankings or none. We only order universities by what they can claim credit for and what matters to the person choosing: price, research impact and their graduates' employment and pay, always with the indicator and denominator alongside. Rates that mirror the intake profile —pass, dropout— never order a list.
  • We never invent or estimate. What is not in the source is not published. Gaps are shown as gaps, because knowing that a university does not publish a figure is information too.
  • Data always stratified. Next to every overall rate is its breakdown by field of study, which almost always varies more between degrees at the same university than between universities.
  • Official data is never altered for money. No university pays to appear or for how it appears. If paid placements ever exist, they will be separate and labelled as such.
  • No thin pages. A university without real outcome data appears in the directory but has no profile of its own.
  • What is not official is labelled as such. Private university fees are published by the universities, not by the Ministry: they carry their label, their link and their date, never mixed with an official figure and never converted to another unit.

Frequently asked questions

Which year is the cut-off mark we publish from?

The latest published: that of the last student admitted in the 2025 pre-enrolment, for the 2025-2026 academic year. We name it by the year of the course it gives access to —"2026 cut-off mark"—, which is how people search for it and cite it when preparing the next pre-enrolment; each table says so in its note. When the next summer’s marks are published, we will replace them.

How are the cut-off mark rankings ordered?

By cut-off mark, highest first, and each row is one degree at one campus: the same degree at two campuses is two rows, because it has two marks. Ties are broken by the degree name, so the order is the same in every publication. Marks from different regions are never averaged: each runs its own admissions round, and an average of those numbers means nothing.

Why is a cut-off mark not a measure of quality?

Because demand sets it, not the university: it is where the line fell when the places ran out. It rises with more applicants or fewer places, and falls when the opposite happens. It tells you what you need to get in, not how well the course is taught.

Why do some degrees have no cut-off mark?

Cut-off marks exist where an admissions district hands out a limited number of places, which is the public university system. Where there is none, there is no figure to publish, and those degrees are not in these rankings.

Why do we never order by pass or dropout rates?

Because those rates depend above all on the profile of the students each university admits: one that selects through a high cut-off mark starts with students who already had better results, and that shows up in its rates without the teaching having to be any better. Ordering by them would produce a list that looks like a measurement and means nothing. The site's rankings order by what a university can claim credit for —research impact and its graduates' employment and pay—, always with the indicator and denominator alongside.

Are private and public universities treated equally?

Yes. The 99 universities in the registry —50 public and 49 private— have the same profile, the same indicators and the same rules. Public or private status is a visible attribute and a filter, never a criterion for inclusion or for ordering. No university pays to be listed.

What exactly does the dropout rate measure?

The percentage of students in a cohort who are no longer enrolled in the degree they started. It includes both those who leave university altogether and those who switch to other studies without leaving the system; that is why we also publish the change-of-studies rate, which isolates that second case. A high dropout rate does not necessarily mean academic failure.

Why is the data not from the current academic year?

SIIU publishes with a lag of about two years, and each indicator with its own: the pass rates for 2023-2024 were published in October 2025, while dropout rates are calculated by following cohorts over several years and arrive later. It is not a defect we can fix, so every figure carries its reference year written next to it instead of being grouped under a common label that would be false.

Why do some universities have no profile of their own?

10 of the 99 universities in the registry have no outcome data published by SIIU, almost always because they were created very recently or because they teach no undergraduate degrees. They appear in the directory, with that circumstance stated, but they have no page of their own: a profile without data helps nobody.

Where does the price of private universities come from?

From their own websites, and only from there. There is no official statistic on private university fees: the Ministry publishes the official per-credit prices set by each autonomous community, and that statistic covers only the 47 public universities. So we go to each private university’s fees page, keep a full capture of it as evidence, and publish the exact wording the university itself writes —«9.900 € por curso», «112 € por crédito», quoted in Spanish— with the link in plain sight and the label «price published by the university». We never convert that wording to another unit or work out what the full degree would cost: it would depend on the duration, on yearly increases and on what each fee includes, and nobody publishes any of that.

Can a private university’s price be compared with a public one’s?

Not directly, and that is why we do not do it for you. The public price is a per-credit amount set by regional decree; a private university’s is a commercial fee that each university defines however it wants —per year, per credit, per programme, with «from» in front— and that usually leaves out the seat reservation, registration, insurance and materials. We put the public reference alongside so you can size the figure, but they are different units, and presenting them as one measure would be exactly the kind of appealing, false number this site exists not to publish.

Why do some private universities show no price on their profile?

Because they do not publish one. Some hide it behind a lead-capture form —you have to leave your phone number to find out what it costs—, others publish no fee at all, and others have no common undergraduate fee because each degree carries its own. In all three cases the profile says so, because for anyone choosing a university that is information too. And some websites do not allow their fees page to be captured: there the profile simply points to the website.

Where does the data come from, and can it be reused?

From RUCT (the official census of universities, centres and degrees), from SIIU (academic performance, labour-market outcomes and official public fees) and from QEDU (degrees, places and cut-off marks), all of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. It is re-usable public data, including for commercial purposes, under Spanish Law 37/2007 and Royal Decree 1495/2011, with the obligation to cite the source and not distort its meaning.